Which of the following typically requires a separate insurance policy?

Flood insurance is typically required to be purchased as a separate insurance policy because standard homeowners insurance policies usually do not cover damage from flooding. The exclusion of flood damage is significant in many areas, especially those at risk of high water events, which makes it essential for homeowners in those locations to acquire a dedicated flood insurance policy.

Because flooding can result in substantial damage that is not included in basic property coverages, the federal government also offers the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) to ensure that homeowners have access to coverage specifically tailored to address flood-related losses. This makes flood insurance distinctly different from other types of coverage, necessitating it to be purchased independently to ensure adequate protection.

In contrast, fire, theft, and liability insurance are generally covered under standard homeowners insurance policies, although they can also be acquired separately depending on specific needs or higher coverage limits.